Medida computadorizada da evolução da área cicatricial tratada com ultrassom terapêutico e citrato de sildenafila / Computerized measurement of the evolution of cicatricial area treated with ultrasound and sildenafil citrate

Objetivou-se comparar a evolução da cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas com cinco protocolos de tratamento através de análise planimétrica. Grupos de 12 ratos Wistar, foram alocados em cinco estudos experimentais: A- controle negativo; B- ferida cirúrgica, tratada com ultrassom terapêutico (UST) desligado ; C- ferida tratada somente com citrato de sildenafila ; D- ferida tratada com citrato de sildenafila e UST e grupo E-ferida tratada somente com UST. A evolução cicatricial foi acompanhada diariamente e avaliada por imagem fotográfica computadorizada aos sete, 14 e 21 dias. A aplicação do UST pulsado, com doses 1MHZ e 0,4Wcm2 reduziu o tempo de cicatrização epitelial em condições experimentais, favorecendo precocemente a reparação tecidual com efeitos qualitativos superiores ao tratamento com citrato de sildenafila (CS). A mensuração computacional para evolução da cicatrização de ferida dérmica mostrou-se um recurso de fácil aplicação sendo de baixo custo e eficiente para a aplicabilidade na rotina médica veterinária.

This study aimed at comparing the evolution of healing of surgical wounds with five treatment protocols through planimetric measurement. Groups of 12 Wistar rats were allocated in five experimental studies: A ­ negative control; B ­ surgical wound treated with therapeutic ultrasound turned off; C ­ surgical wound treated with sildenafil citrate; D ­ wound treated with sildenafil citrate and therapeutic ultrasound; and group E ­ wound treated only with therapeutic ultrasound. The healing progress was monitored daily and assessed by computed photographic image at seven, 14 and 21 days. It was concluded that the application of pulsated therapeutic ultrasound on surgical wounds at 1 MHz and 0.4Wcm2 doses reduces the epithelial healing time in experimental conditions, favoring the early repair of tissue with qualitative effects superior than the ones found in the treatment with sildenafil citrate (SC). The computational measurement for the evolution of the dermal wound healing proved to be an easy-to-apply resource, with a low cost and great efficiency for the applicability in the veterinary medical routine.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of phonophoresis in animal models: a randomized experimental study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ultrasound (US)-mediated phonophoresis alone or in association with diclofenac diethylammonium (DCF) administered topically in animal models of inflammation. A pre-clinical, prospective, and randomized experimental study of quantitative and qualitative nature was carried out. Phonophoresis was performed using a therapeutic ultrasound apparatus in two distinct models of acute inflammation. Edema was induced by an intraplantar injection of carrageenan and measured by plethysmography. The Hargreaves test was used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity and investigate the action of phonophoresis on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. A histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin was used to evaluate tissue repair, and the expression of COX-2 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. At the peak of inflammatory activity (3 h), treatment with US, US+DCF, and DCF significantly reduced edema formation compared to the control group. Treatment with US+DCF was more effective than treatment with US alone at both analyzed times. In the analysis of the antinociceptive activity, the treatments significantly increased the latency time in response to the thermal stimulus. Histopathological analysis revealed a reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the association was effective in reducing COX-2 expression compared to the control group. The association of DCF with US produced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rat models of inflammation, which may be associated with inhibition of COX-2 and TNF-α production.

Corrente Russa associada ao ultrassom ou a fonoforese reduz o fibro edema gelóide / Russian Current associated with ultrasound or phonophoresis reduces cellulite

Introdução: O fibro edema gelóide (FEG) ocasiona deformações locais no tecido subcutâneo. Correntes excito motoras, como a corrente russa (CR), e métodos que associam efeitos mecânicos e térmicos no tecido, como o ultrassom (US), são usados para tratar a FEG. O US pode ainda ser aplicado com a fonoforese (FN) para aumentar a absorção percutânea de princípios ativos. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da CR associada ao US ou à FN no tratamento da FEG em glúteos e coxas de mulheres jovens. Métodos: Participaram mulheres com FEG que realizaram 10 sessões de CR com US ou com FN. As voluntárias foram avaliadas antes e após os tratamentos. Resultados: Obteve-se diminuição da espessura das dobras cutâneas, redução do grau de FEG, redução da distorção da imagem corporal e índice de satisfação elevado das voluntárias com os resultados de ambos tratamentos, porém a FN associada à CR apresentou efeito mais evidente. Conclusão: Os tratamentos utilizados fornecem resultados rápidos e satisfatórios na redução do FEG.

Introduction: Geloid fibroedema (GF) or Cellulitis causes local deformations in the subcutaneous tissue. Electric Stimulation Therapy, such as the Russian Current (RC), and methods associating mechanical and thermal effects on tissue, such as Ultrasound (US), are used to treat GF. US can still be applied with Phonophoresis (Ph) to increase percutaneous absorption of active principles. Objective: To verify the effect of RC associated with US or Ph in the treatment of GF in glutes and thighs of young women. Methods: GF women who performed 10 sessions of RC with US or with Ph participated. The volunteers were evaluated before and after the treatments. Results: There was a reduction in the thickness of the skin folds, reduction of the GF degree, reduction of the body image distortion and high index of satisfaction of the volunteers with the results of both treatments, but the Ph associated to the CR showed a more evident effect. Conclusion: The treatments used provide fast and satisfactory results in the reduction of GF.

Fisioterapia dermatofuncional para glúteos com fibroedema gelóide: a importância da fonoforese / Dermatofunctional physiotherapy for buttocks with cellulite: the importance of phonophoresis

Introdução: Dentre os recursos da Fisioterapia Dermatofuncional para o tratamento do fibroedema gelóide (FEG) pode-se utilizar a endermologia e o ultrassom. Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância do uso da fonoforese como recurso fisioterápico dermatofuncional para tratamento do FEG. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa e intervencionista em 16 mulheres, sendo do lado esquerdo utilizado fonoforese (com princí­pios ativos) e endermologia e do lado direito ultrassom com gel comum e endermologia por dez atendimentos no perí­odo de julho a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: Quanto ao perí­odo de surgimento do FEG 25% das pacientes relataram que surgiu devido ao ganho de peso; quanto í utilização de métodos contraceptivos 81,25% faziam uso; quanto aos hábitos alimentí­cios 56,25% possuí­am uma alimentação gordurosa diária; quanto í prática de atividade 81,25% eram sedentárias e com relação í forma clí­nica do FEG 50% apresentavam a forma flácida. Para o aspecto da pele observou-se a positividade dos resultados maior do lado esquerdo do que do direito. Conclusão: Foi demonstrada uma melhora da aparência geral da pele com redução das irregularidades bem como uma melhora do contorno da região glútea de todas as pacientes que concluí­ram o tratamento com maiores respostas do lado esquerdo no qual foi realizado a fonoforese. (AU)

Introduction: Among the resources of dermatofunctional physiotherapy for the treatment of cellulite, is possible to use endermology and ultrasound. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of phonophoresis as a dermatological and physical therapy resource for the treatment of cellulite. Methods: A quantitative and interventional study was carried out in 16 women. The left side used phonophoresis (with active principles) and endermology, and the ultrasound on the right side with common gel and endermology for ten consultations from July to December 2017. Results: Regarding the period of onset of cellulite 25% of the patients reported that it appeared due to weight gain; 81.25% used contraceptive methods; 56.25% had a daily fat diet; 81.25% were sedentary and in relation to the clinical form of the cellulite 50% presented the flaccid form. We observed better results on the left side than on the right. Conclusion: The general appearance of the skin improved with reduction of irregularities as well as the contour of the gluteal region of all the patients that concluded the treatment with better results of the left side in which the phonophoresis was applied. (AU)

Avaliação da transmissibilidade ultrassônica do gel fitoterápico de Copaifera duckei Dwyer / Evaluation of ultrasonic transmission of Copaifera duckei Dwyer herbal gel

Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de transmissibilidade ultrassônica de um gel fitoterápico de copaíba da espécie Copaifera duckei Dwyer na concentração de 10%. A pesquisa foi registrada junto ao Sistema Brasileiro de Biodiversidade. O gel fitoterápico de Copaifera duckei 10% foi manipulado de acordo diretrizes da Farmacopéia Brasileira e testado em um aparelho de Ultrassom (US) operado na faixa de 1 MHz. Como grupos controle foram selecionados a água destilada e o gel hidroalcoólico. A análise ocorreu de forma qualitativa e quantitativa através do modelo proposto na literatura. O US foi programado para modos de corrente pulsado/contínuo e testados nas intensidades (0,2/0,4/0,6/0,8/1,0W/cm2), em 1mim/cm2. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico pelo software BioEstat 5.3 e foi admitido um nível de significância de ≥0,05. No modo contínuo e na intensidade de 0.2W/cm2 o gel foi considerado "Bom transmissor", na intensidade de 0.4 W/cm2 e 0.6W/cm2 um "Transmissor moderado" e nas intensidades de 0.8W/cm2 e 1.0W/cm2 um "Transmissor pobre". Concluiu-se que o gel de C. duckei 10% não atenuou as ondas de US em nenhum modo ou intensidade testado. E pode assim ser adicionado a esse para tratamentos sendo considerado transmissor bom ou moderado de acordo com a intensidade do US.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of transmissibility of an herbal gel of Copaifera duckei Dwyer at a concentration of 10%. The research was registered with the Brazilian Biodiversity System. The gel of Copaifera duckei 10% was guidelined by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and tested on an Ultrasound device (US) operated in the range of 1 MHz. The control groups were selected distilled water and hydro alcoholic gel. The analysis was qualitatively and quantitatively using the model proposed in the literature. The US was scheduled to current modes pulsed/continuous and tested in the intensities (0.2/0.4/0.6/0.8/1.0W/cm2) in 1mim/cm2. The data received statistical treatment by BioEstat software 5.3 and was admitted to a significance level of ≥0.05. In continuous mode and intensity of 0.2W/cm2 gel was considered "good transmitter" at the intensity of 0.4W/cm2 and 0.6W/cm2 a "moderate Transmitter" and the intensity of 0.8W/cm2 and 1.0W/cm2 a "poor transmitter". It was concluded that the 10% gel C. duckei US did not attenuate US waves in any form or intensity tested; it can thus be used for this treatment being considered a good or moderate transmitter according to the intensity of US.(AU)

Effectiveness of Electrophysical Modalities in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Review.

This review was conducted by three investigators to assess the scientific evidence and eff ectiveness of various electro physical modalities in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. This review was conducted by three investigators. The databases of PubMed, Science direct, Cochrane clinical trials register (June 1994-Jan 2013) were electronically searched for the key terms TMJ disorders with low-level laser therapy (LLLT), iontophoresis, phonophoresis, therapeutic ultrasound, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation. The retrieved titles were thoroughly evaluated, and full text was obtained. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria the selected studies were assessed for the quality evidence of the trails using the Grade Pro 3.6 version software and summary of finding table was generated. Of 1544 titles, 28 full text publications, which were eligible for this review were included, and 15 randomized placebo controlled trials that were fulfilling the set criteria. Out of 15 studies 10 are performed on LLLT, 2 on iontophoresis, 1 on pulsed radiofrequency energy, 1 on cathodal high voltage electric stimulation and 1 on laser acupuncture. LLLT is the extensively practiced electrophysical treatment modality with the moderate quality of evidence. Electrophysical modalities are helpful as adjuvant in the treatment of TMJ symptoms. However, there are no evidences to conclude that a single electrophysical modality is beneficial over the other in the temporomandibular disorders management.

Therapeutic efficacy of dexamethasone phonophoresis on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in elderly women

The knee joint osteoarthritis is one of the important causes of disability and is more frequent in menopausal women. Phonophoresis is a therapeutic method using ultrasound to enhance percutaneous absorption of drugs. This study was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of dexamethasone phonophoresis in the management of knee osteoarthritis in elderly women. 55 women aged 56.03 +/- 5.7 years who had mild or moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated into 3 groups. First group [n=18] received ultrasound [as control group], second group [n=18] received phonophoresis of 4mg dexamethasone ampoule and third group [n=19] received phonophoresis of 0.4% dexamethasone gel. All groups were treated with an ultrasound program using stroking technique, pulse mode, 1.5 W/cm[2], 5 minutes per session for 10 sessions. Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for pain severity and Western Ontario and McMaster universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] and the time up and go test [TUG] were evaluated before and after treatment in all groups. The VAS, total WOMAC and TUG scores were significantly improved after treatment in all groups [P<0.001]. The group receiving phonophoresis of dexamethasone ampoule showed more significant effects in reducing pain and improving function and mobility among three groups. Our results indicated that both ultrasound and phonophoresis of dexamethasone are effective methods in pain relief and improving function in mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis but phonophoresis of dexamethasone ampoule is better than the other treatments and it is suggested as an available method for treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms

Case-control study of stretching exercise on treatment of plantar fasciitis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of different methods of physical therapy on plantar fasciitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to March 2012,30 patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly divided into 3 groups including phonophoresis (PH) combined with stretching exercise, ultrasound (US) combined with stretching exercise,stretching exercise, 10 patiens in each group. In stretching exercise group, there were 2 males and 8 females with an average age of (46.7+/-6.5) years old,the mean constitutional index duration was (26.7+/-2.8) kg/m2. In US combined with stretching exercise group, there were 4 males and 6 females with an average age of (45.8+/-6.1) years old,the mean constitutional index duration was (26.4+/-3.4) kg/m2. In PH combined with stretching exercise group,there were 3 males and 7 females with an average age of (48.4+/-8.0) years old,the mean constitutional index duration was (25.4+/-3.0) kg/m2. Patients in PH and US were treated for 10 min everyday by ultrasound, 5 times per week, lasted for 4 weeks; and patients by ultrasound therapy in PH were treated with diclofenac diethylamine at the same time. All the 30 patients received instruction for stretching exercises at home. Pain and ability to function were evaluated before treatment, immediately afterwards,and three months later. Morning pain was evaluated by VAS, and the sub-scale of FFI evaluated the affected foot function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients's general status and original pain state of plantar fasciitis before treatment had no significant difference among three groups. There were statistical differences of morning pain and FFI-disability score between PH group and stretching exercise group at 1 month (P<0.05), and no statistical differences among three groups at 3 months (P>0.05). Compared with before therapy,the pain and disability score of three groups significantly improved in the three points of time (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stretching exercises and combining with PH or US are effective for pain and disability in patients with plantar fasciitis and that addition of PH to exercise therapy betters the effectiveness.</p>

Concentração plasmática de diclofenaco sódico em cães, submetidos à fonoforese / Plasma concentration of diclofenac sodium in dogs submitted to diclofenac phonophoresis

Com o objetivo de avaliar a concentração plasmática de diclofenaco sódico (DS) emulgel em cães com ou sem o uso de fonoforese e de verificar se a fonoforese induz à maior absorção desse fármaco, foram utilizados cinco cães, e todos eles passaram por oito grupos distintos. Um grupo recebeu, via oral, um comprimido de DS, 40mg, por animal, e sete grupos receberam aplicação transdérmica de diclofenaco sódico emulgel por ultrassom. Pela via transdérmica, a área de aplicação era de 20cm². A frequência do ultrassom foi de 1MHz, modo contínuo, com intensidade de 0,4Wcm-2. Colheram-se amostras de sangue antes de se executarem os protocolos - tempo zero -, após uma hora - tempo 1 - e após quatro horas da aplicação - tempo 2 - em todos os grupos, e realizou-se análise das amostras por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Houve diferença (P<0,05) apenas nas amostras no tempo 1 do grupo que recebeu dose oral de DS em relação às outras amostras. Não foi possível verificar concentração plasmática de diclofenaco sódico com aplicação tópica em cães submetidos ou não à fonoforese, apenas quantificou-se o diclofenaco sódico pela administração via oral. A facilitação da penetração transdérmica pelo ultrassom não foi verificada sob o protocolo especificado nesta pesquisa.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma concentration of diclofenac sodium (DS) in dogs submitted to diclofenaco phonophoresis and to evaluate if phonophoresis induces greater absorption of this drug in dogs. Five dogs were used in eight different groups at different times: One group received oral administration of 40mg of DS per dog and seven groups received topical application of emulgel DS. The topical application area was 20cm². A continuous ultrasound frequency of 1MHz and intensity of 0.4W cm-2 was used. Blood collections were performed before the treatment (T0), and 1h (T1) and 4h (T2) after ultrasound application for all groups. DS concentrations in plasma were measured by high performance liquid choramatohraphy (HPLC). There was significant increase of DS plasma concentration only at T1 in the oral administration group. It was not possible to detect any concentration of DS in the plasma of dogs after topical application of DS, even after DS phonophoresis. The facilitation of transdermal penetration by ultrasound has not been verified under the protocol specified in this research.

Tratamento da hiperidrose palmar com onabotulinumtoxinA veiculada por iontoforese ou fonoforese: relato de casos / Use of iontophoresis or phonophoresis for delivering onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of palmar hyperidrosis: a report on four cases

Hiperidrose palmar idiopática é doença frequente, que tem grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, e seu tratamento definitivo (simpatectomia) associa-se a risco cirúrgico e efeitos adversos. Fármacos, como onabotulinumtoxinA, podem ser veiculados percutaneamente por iontoforese ou fonoforese e contribuir no tratamento da hiperidrose. Os autores apresentam quatro casos em que houve melhora objetiva e subjetiva da sudorese após dez sessões consecutivas de iontoforese ou fonoforese, sem evidências de efeitos adversos. Os resultados clínicos mantiveram-se por 16 semanas de observação após a interrupção do tratamento. Técnicas de veiculação percutânea de medicamentos devem ser percebidas como opções nos tratamentos dermatológicos.

Idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis is a common disease that exerts a considerable effect on patients' quality of life. The definitive treatment of this condition (sympathectomy) is associated with some adverse effects and surgical risks. Drugs such as onabotulinumtoxinA can be percutaneously delivered by phonophoresis or by iontophoresis and may be useful in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. In this paper, the authors describe four cases in which an objective and subjective improvement in sweating was seen following 10 daily sessions of phonophoresis or iontophoresis. No adverse effects were reported. The clinical results achieved with treatment were maintained over 16 weeks of follow-up after the end of treatment. Percutaneous drug delivery techniques should be perceived as an option for the treatment of dermatologic conditions.

Efeito do gel da babosa (Aloe barbadensis Mill. ) associado ao ultrassom em processo inflamatório agudo / Effect of aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill. ) gel combined with ultrasound in the acute inflammatory process

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a ação antiinflamatória do gel da Babosa a 2 por cento (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) associado ao Ultrassom pulsátil no modelo de edema de pata. Foram utilizados 25 ratos Wistar, (200-250 g), divididos em 5 grupos de 5 animais cada. Grupo1 (controle): ratos tratados com solução salina a 0,9 por cento; Grupo 2: ratos tratados topicamente com gel de A. barbadensis Mill. a 2 por cento; Grupo 3: animais tratados com Ultrassom; Grupo 4: ratos tratados com gel de A. barbadensis Mill. a 2 por cento associado ao Ultrassom; Grupo 5 (controle positivo): ratos tratados com Indometacina na dose de 5 mg Kg-1. Os animais dos grupos 1 e 5 receberam os respectivos tratamentos por via intra-peritoneal 30 minutos antes da injeção intra-plantar de carragenina e os grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram tratados por aplicação tópica de gel de A. barbadensis Mill. a 2 por cento, Ultrassom pulsátil e gel de A. barbadensis Mill. associado ao Ultrassom respectivamente 15 minutos após a indução do edema. Os animais do grupo 04 demonstraram redução significativa do edema quando comparados ao grupo controle, ao mesmo tempo, que se mostrou comparável à indometacina. Observou-se que o gel de aloe associado à fonoforose é capaz reduzir a formação do edema de pata em ratos.

This work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of 2 percent aloe (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) gel combined with pulsed ultrasound in the paw edema model. Twenty-five Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Group1 (control): rats treated with 0.9 percent saline; Group 2: rats topically treated with 2 percent aloe gel; Group 3: rats treated with ultrasound; Group 4: rats treated with 2 percent aloe gel combined with ultrasound; Group 5 (positive control): rats treated with indomethacin at 5 mg Kg-1. Animals of groups 1 and 5 were intraperitoneally treated 30 min before intraplantar carrageenan injection and groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated by topical application of 2 percent aloe gel, pulsed ultrasound and aloe gel combined with ultrasound, respectively, 15 min after edema induction. Animals of group 4 had a significant reduction in edema relative to controls and showed to be comparable to indomethacin. Aloe gel combined with phonophoresis is capable of reducing paw edema formation in rats.

Comparative effectiveness in pain alleviation, range of motion, safety and tolerability between virgin coconut oil and mineral oil as therapeutic ultrasound coupling medium among patients with musculotendinous injuries

Objective. To compare the effectiveness of virgin coconut oil and mineral oil as an adjunct in the alleviation of pain and improvement of range of motion when used as a coupling medium in therapeutic ultrasound. Methods. A randomized controlled double blind study was conducted in an industrial out-patient clinic in Pasig City. A total of 43 patients with musculotendinous pain were enrolled in the study and were randomized into two groups. The experimental group (n = 20) was given virgin coconut oil (VCO) and the control group (n = 23) was given mineral oil (MO), each used as a coupling medium during therapeutic ultrasound treatment. Four participants were not able to proceed with the study. All patients were given analgesics and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications for the duration of the study. All participants underwent baseline evaluation and re-evaluation after three therapy sessions per week for a total of two weeks. The outcome measures used for the study were change in pain scores using the numerical rating scale and change in flexion and extension range of motion of involved joints using goniometric measurement from baseline to second follow-up and third follow-up. The results were analyzed using STATA statistical software with level of significance at p<0.05. Results. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there were reductions in the pain scores by visits, i.e., from baseline to first follow-up and from first follow-up to second follow-up were marginally significant (p=0.07). However, the difference between VCO and MO in terms of reduction of pain scores in all three visits was not statistically significant (p=0.27). There was no interaction between treatment groups and visits (p=0.34). As to the range of motion of the joints involved, there was statistically significant increase in range of motion noted for extension (p=0.03) as compared with flexion (p=0.07) from baseline to first follow-up. There were no reported adverse effects from the use of VCO and MO, physical therapy program and pain medications in both groups. Conclusion. The use of virgin coconut oil is a relatively safe and well-tolerated coupling medium in therapeutic ultrasound. Virgin coconut oil was shown to be seemingly more effective as mineral oil in terms of the reduction of pain and more effective in improvement of flexion and extension range of motion of affected joint.

Efeito do ultrassom associado ao gel de calêndula sobre a atividade reparadora em lesões musculares experimentais / Effect of ultrasound associated with calendula gel on restorative activity in experimental muscular injuries

Diversas técnicas têm sido propostas para o tratamento de lesões musculares, sendo a do ultrassom terapêutico uma das mais utilizadas. Além dos efeitos do ultrassom, este facilitaria, ainda, a permeação de drogas pelos tecidos (fonoforese). A calêndula é um fitoterápico que apresenta atividade cicatrizante empregada popularmente no tratamento de lesões. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do ultrassom, da fonoforese e a influência da aplicação tópica do gel extraído da Calendula officinalis na recuperação de lesão muscular experimental em ratos. A análise histológica do músculo e a determinação da área de lesão foram realizadas após o músculo tibial anterior lesionado ser tratado durante cinco dias. Os resultados indicaram que todos os grupos tratados com ultrassom e calêndula apresentaram melhor resolução da lesão, por apresentarem maior quantidade de fibroblastos, neovascularização e mioblastos em relação ao Grupo-controle. Quanto à área de lesão, somente o grupo em que foi associado o ultrassom à calêndula apresentou uma área significativamente menor. Em conjunto, os dados obtidos demonstram que, no modelo experimental estudado, a fonoforese apresentou-se mais indicada para o tratamento de lesões musculares

Several techniques have been proposed as treatment for muscular injuries, and therapeutic ultrasound is one of the most used. Besides the effects of ultrasound, it also facilitates drug flow trough the tissues (phonophoresis). Calendula is a phytotherapic which presents healing elements, popularly used on injury treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate ultrasound effectiveness, phonophoresis, and the influence of the topic application of the gel with Calendula officinalis extract, in the recovery from experimental muscular injury in rats. After the injured front tibial muscle was treated during five days, a histological analysis of the muscle was performed and the injury area was determined. The results indicated that all the ultrasound/Calendula-treated groups presented better evolution in the injury, sinasce they presented more fibroblasts, neovascularization and myoblasts in relation to the control group. As to the injured area, only the group in which the ultrasound was added to Calendula presented a significantly smaller area. In all, the obtained data demonstrate that in the experimental model studied, phonophoresis was more indicated for muscle injury treatment

Teste de condução de ondas ultrassônicas pelo fitomedicamento creme de Cordia Verbenácea / Test driving of ultrasonic waves by phytomedication cream Cordia Verbenácea

Fonoforese é o uso do ultrassom para introduzir moléculas de fármanoatravés da pele. O creme óleo essencial de Cordia Verbenacea (C.V.) é um fitomedicamento anti-inflamatório utilizado topicamente para tratar processos inflamatórios em tecidos moles. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se o fitomedicamento creme de óleo essencial de C.V. conduz ondas ultra- sônicas. Foram realizados dois testes, um com gel e outrocom o fitomedicamento. A formação de bolhas na superfície da água demonstrou a transmissão das ondas ultra-sônicas. Os testes foram realizados no modo contínuo e pulsado, antes e após a simulação da fonoforese. Nestas condições o fitomedicamento de C.V. conduz ondasultra-sônicas tanto no modo contínuo, quanto no pulsado.

Phonophoresis is the use of ultrasound to enter medicine moleculesthrough the skin. The cream of essential oil of Cordia verbenacea (C.V.) is an inflammatory phytomedication usedtopically to treat inflammation in softtissues. The objective this study is verify if cream of essential oil of C.V.phyto medication leads ultrasonic waves. Two tests were performed, with a gel and other with phytomedication. The for mation of bubbles on the water surfacedemonstrated the transmission of ultrasonic waves. The tests were performedin continuous and pulse mode, beforeand after simulation of phonophoresis.This conditions the phytomedication ofC.V. conducts ultrasound waves both incontinuous and in pulsed mode.

Tratamento da gordura ginóide através da fonoforese com tiratricol / Treatment of gynoid fat through phonophoresis with tiratricol

Este estudo objetivou verifi car os efeitos do tratamento dagordura ginóide através da fonoforese com tiratricol (TRIAC). 24mulheres voluntárias com idades entre 20 e 30 anos foram divididasem três grupos: Grupo 1 (TRIAC); Grupo 2 (gel de condução) eGrupo 3 (controle). Foi realizada uma avaliação física (incluindoperimetria) e um exame de Ultrassonografi a Diagnóstica para mensuraçãoda camada superfi cial de gordura pré e pós-tratamento. Otratamento foi realizado três vezes por semana, com duração de 10minutos em cada região tratada. Na análise dos resultados utilizou-seTeste t de Student e/ou ANOVA de uma via seguida de post hoc deTukey. Com relação aos resultados da medida perimétrica da coxa,no Grupo 1 (TRIAC) foi identifi cada diferença entre os valorespré e pós-tratamento. O grupo 1 apresentou uma maior perda degordura após o tratamento, o que sugere que o TRIAC foi efetivo naredução da gordura. Concluímos que a fonoforese com permeaçãode TRIAC é um recurso efi caz que pode ser usado no tratamentoda gordura localizada ginóide...

The aim of this study was to verify the eff ects of treatment usingphonophoresis with tiratricol (TRIAC) on gynoid fat. 24 womenaged 20 to 30 years were assigned according to three groups: Group1 (TRIAC); Group 2 (gel driving) and Group 3 (Control). Subjectswere submitted to physical assessment (including perimeter) anda Diagnostic Ultrasonography to quantify the superfi cial layer offat pre and post-treatment. Th e treatment was performed threetimes per week, in sessions of 10 minutes at each area treated.Data analysis involved Student’s t-test and/or one way ANOVAfollowed by post-hoc Tukey. Regarding perimeter of the thigh, inthe group 1 (TRIAC) was identifi ed a diff erence between the preand post-treatment. Group 1 showed the higher magnitude of fatlost after treatment, which suggests TRIAC was eff ective to reducefat. We conclude that phonophoresis using TRIAC’s permeation isan eff ective option for treatment of gynoid fat distribution...

Estudo comparativo da veiculação do diclofenaco sódico pela fonoforese de alta e baixa frequência em ratos / Comparative study of sodic diclofenaco veiculation by fonoforesis using high and low frequency in rats

Objetivo: estudar a aplicação do ultrassom terapêutico com alta frequência-3MH em estudo comparativo com aplicação do ultrassom terapêutico de baixa frequência-1MHz, na indução do aumento na absorção transcutânea do diclofenaco de sódio pela pele de ratos. Método: estudo experimental utilizando 15 ratos machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar, com peso entre 250 a 350 gramas, distribuídos em três grupos: Alta, Baixa Frequência e Controle de 5 ratos cada. Foram coletadas 4 amostras de sangue de cada animal, nos tempos de 0? antes da aplicação do ultrassom, 30?, 60? e 90? minutos após a realização da técnica específica para cada grupo. Na leitura das amostras, foi utilizado o equipamento de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência-CLAE. Resultado: a análise foi obtida através do método não paramétrico, ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis, não comprovando diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos analisados no que diz respeito a maior absorção do fármaco. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos sugerem novos estudos, que busquem aperfeiçoar o método aplicado e possa agregar maiores conhecimentos ao assunto pesquisado o que possibilitará resultados cada vez mais precisos.

Objective: to study the application of therapeutic ultrasound with high frequency-3MH in a comparative study with application of therapeutic ultrasound, low-frequency 1MHz-induced increase in transcutaneous absorption of diclofenac sodium by the skin of mice. Method: an experimental study using 15 male rats, adult male rats, weighing 250 to 350 grams were divided into three groups: High, Low Frequency Control and 5 mice each. We collected 4 blood samples from each animal at 0 'prior to the application of ultrasound, 30', 60 'and 90' minutes after the completion of specific techniques for each group. In reading the samples, we used the equipment Chromatography High Performance Liquid-HPLC. Result: the analysis was performed using the method nonparametricANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test does not confirm a statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to the greater absorption of the drug. Conclusion: the results suggest further studies that seek to improve the methodology used, and may add more knowledge to the subject researched the results will enable more precise.

Effect of delclophenac phonophoresis versus low level laser therapy on osteoarthritis knee

Osteoarthritis of the knee is reported to be a major health problem worldwide. To compare between the declophenac phonophoresis and low level laser therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, thirty patients with knee osteoarthritis from both genders were selected, aged between 40-60 years. They were divided into two equal groups, fifteen patients in the first group received declophenac phonophoresis in addition to traditional exercise program in the form of stretching and strengthening exercises. Patients in the second group received laser therapy in addition to the same traditional exercise program. The program was done 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Pain level, range of motion of the knee joint and functional performance were measured before and after treatment, there were significant difference within the two groups before and after treatment and between the two groups after treatment in Pain, range of motion and functional disability. Declophenac phonophoresis was proved to be more beneficial in reducing knee pain, improving range of motion and reducing of functional disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Análise qualitativa dos efeitos da fonoforese com Arnica montana sobre o processo inflamatório agudo do músculo esquelético de ratos / Qualitative analysis of effects of phonophorese with Arnica montana onto acute inflammatory process in rat skeletal muscles

Este estudo visou verificar o efeito da fonoforese com Arnica montana sobre a fase inflamatoria aguda de uma lesão muscular. Para isso, 40 ratos Wistar machos, lesados cirurgicamente, foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle (C), 10 ratos lesados e não tratados grupo ultra-som (US), 10 lesados tratados com fonoforese de gel de arnica; grupo arnica (A), 10 ratos lesados, tratados com massagem de gel de arnica...

This study aimed at verifying the effects of phonophoresis associated to Arnica montana on the acute phase of an inflammatory muscle injury. Forty Wistar male rats of which the Tibialis. Anterior muscle was surgically lesioned, were divided into 4 groups (n+10 each); control group received no treatment the ultrasound group (US), treat with US; the US+A group was treat with arnica phonophoresis...

Fonoforese X permeação cutânea / Phonoforesis X cutaneous permeation

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a influência da fonoforese como promotora da permeação cutânea. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, tendo as bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed e Periódicos CAPES, além de livros didáticos com conteúdo relevante. Os critérios foram: artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, além de teses e livros didáticos com conteúdo relevante publicados no período de 2001 a 2005. Dentre os critérios de exclusão foram adotados trabalhos em diferentes idiomas, fora do período estipulado, ou que não tiveram relação com a fonoforese. No entanto, houve uma exceçao que foi o artigo de revisão publicado por Byl (5), 1005, por se tratar de um artigo de excelente revisão bibliográfica. Embora os mecanismos pelos quais o fonoforese funcionam ainda não estejam muito claros, o fato é que o UST, seja devido aos seus efeitos térmicos e/ou mecânicos,favorece a permeação cutânea de produtos farmacológicos e cosmecêuticos,a gindo como promotor. Portanto, é preciso continuar as investigações sobre o UST como mais uma alternativa de transferência de drogas.

Estudo piloto de avaliação da influência do ultra-som na estabilidade do alfa-humuleno e trans-cariofileno presentes no fitomedicamento antiinflamatório, creme de Cordia verbenacea 5mg/g / Pilot study to evaluate the effects of ultrasound on the stability of alpha-humelene and trans-caryophyllene contained on an anti-inflammatory phytomedicine, Cordia verbenacea DC 5mg/g cream

O fitomedicamento antiinflamatório tópico obtido da Cordia verbenacea (5mg/g) possui eficácia e segurança clinicamente comprovadas. A fonoforese é uma técnica muito utilizada no tratamento de lesões dos tecidos moles. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do ultra-som na estahilidade dos isômeros alfa-humuleno e trans-cariofileno, princípios ativos desse medicamento. Foram realizadas cinco simulações de fonoforese onde uma massa entre 8,79 a 10,88 gramas de medicamento era aplicada num modelo anatômico e submetida ao contato com ultra-som na freqüência de 100Hz, forma pulsátil de 50 por cento por um período de 5 a 10 minutos e potência de 1, 2 e 3 w/cm² de acordo com cada protocolo. 0: material foi recuperado e as análises químicas realizadas por Cromatografia Gasosa. Os teores dos ativos foram comparados aos teores do lote controle que não sofreu exposição ao ultra-som. Nas condições empregadas no trabalho, observou-se manutenção das concen-trações do a1fa-humuleno e trans-cariofileno após contato com vibrações ultra-sônicas